Dynamics of Agrarian Conflict and Corporate Responsibility: Pantai Cermin Community and PTPN V, Kampar

Abstract

conflict in Indonesia is a structural phenomenon that reflects inequality in land ownership and management. This study examines the agrarian conflict between the community of Pantai Cermin Village and the state-owned company PT Perkebunan Nusantara V (PTPN V) in Tapung Subdistrict, Kampar Regency, Riau Province. The dispute originated from the customary (ulayat) land claims of local residents, which are not formally recognized by the state, while the company controls the land through a Right to Cultivate (HGU) permit, the validity of which has been questioned. The situation is further complicated by land ownership claims supported by Land Ownership Certificates (SHM) from residents of the neighboring village, Pagaruyung. Using a qualitative approach, this study explores the dynamics of the conflict, the involved actors, its root causes, and the resolution efforts that have been undertaken. The findings reveal that the conflict stems from overlapping land claims, weak recognition of customary rights, and the absence of active state intervention in post-HGU land redistribution. Conflict resolution requires a multilevel approach involving the recognition of customary land rights, transparent land data verification, and inclusive mediation involving customary institutions, government bodies, and independent actors. This study highlights the urgent need to reformulate a just and inclusive agrarian system to prevent similar conflicts in the future.